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Meteorological history of Cyclone Leon–Eline
Cyclone Leon–Eline in February 2000 was the third-longest tracked tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean. On February 1, a tropical low originated within the monsoon trough to the south of Indonesia, and would eventually become Tropical Cyclone Leon in the Australian basin. Moving westward, the storm fluctuated in strength due to changes in the atmosphere, mostly increasing and decreasing wind shear. After crossing 90° E, the Météo-France office in Réunion (MFR) began tracking the system as Tropical Storm Eline on February 8. The storm continued across the Indian Ocean and intensified greatly as it approached the east coast of Madagascar. Late on February 17, Eline made landfall near Mahanoro, with 10 minute winds of 165 km/h (105 mph). The storm rapidly weakened over land, but restrengthened in the Mozambique Channel to reach peak 10 minute winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). On February 22, Eline made landfall about 80 km (50 mi) south of Beira, Mozambique near peak intensity and quickly weakened over land. The well-defined circulation moved across southern Africa, finally dissipating over eastern Namibia on February 29.
Eline was unusual in its track after striking Madagascar. Most storms in the Mozambique Channel turn to the south, ultimately missing land; however, upon landfall, Eline became one of 5% of recorded cyclones to strike southern Africa. In addition, favorable conditions allowed the storm to maintain its identity over land. Overall, Cyclone Leon–Eline traveled over 11,000 km (6,800 mi) during its 29–day duration.
==Origins==
The origins of Leon–Eline were from a low pressure area that developed within the monsoon trough on February 1 in the eastern Indian Ocean, about 250 km (155 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Bali. The low formed due to a surge of energy within the monsoon that had crossed the equator from the northwest. Associated convection, or thunderstorms, was initially sparse. Over the subsequent few days the system tracked west-southwestward without much development,〔 moving around a large ridge over northwestern Australia.〔 There was initially moderate wind shear in the region.〔 However, a developing anticyclone allowed the convection to persist over the center and develop outflow.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2014-07-15 )〕 At 22:00 UTC on February 3, the Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (PTCWC) upgraded the tropical low to a Category 1 on the Australian tropical cyclone scale, estimating 10 minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).〔 At 04:00 UTC the next day, the PTCWC named the storm Tropical Cyclone Leon. On the same day at 03:00 UTC, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began issuing advisories on the storm as Tropical Cyclone 11S. Around that time, the storm was located about 215 km (130 mi) south-southeast of Christmas Island.〔
After becoming a named storm, Leon turned more to the west-southwest, due to a trough weakening the ridge to the south.〔 The storm developed increased convective banding, aided by decreasing wind shear, and quickly intensified.〔 Early on February 5, the PTCWC upgraded Leon to a Category 3 on the Australian scale, estimating 10 minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph). At 22:00 UTC that day, the agency estimated an initial peak of 140 km/h (85 mph).〔 On February 6, the cyclone developed an eye in the center of the convection that was only visible on Special sensor microwave/imager, not on satellite imagery.〔 On the same day, the JTWC upgraded Leon to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, estimating 1 minute winds of 140 km/h (85 mph). A trough passing to the south increased wind shear, causing the storm to weaken.〔 Around that time, Leon passed about 510 km (315 mi) south of the Cocos Islands,〔 while turning more to the west after the ridge strengthened to the south. By February 8, the circulation was exposed from the rapidly dwindling thunderstorms.〔 At 18:00 UTC that day, Leon crossed 90° E into the south-west Indian Ocean,〔 and as result was renamed Eline by the Mauritius Meteorological Service.〔 By that time, Météo-France (MFR) estimated 10 minute winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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